What is the difference between 'temporary measures' and 'permanent measures' in tariff law?

• A. Temporary measures are interim actions during investigations; permanent measures are final duties or remedies enacted after findings.
• B. Temporary measures are permanent; permanent measures are temporary.
• C. There is no difference; they are the same.
• D. Temporary measures apply only to certain products; permanent measures apply to all products.

Answer: (A)

Temporary measures are interim actions taken during the investigation to prevent further injury or preserve the status quo while the case is being examined. They are not the final remedy and are typically time-limited, subject to review or removal as the investigation proceeds. Permanent measures, by contrast, are the final duties or remedies established after the findings of the investigation. They represent the lasting response to the identified injury or unfair practice, such as final antidumping or countervailing duties or other permanent relief.

So the key difference is timing and finality: temporary measures bridge the period of investigation, while permanent measures constitute the final remedy chosen after the findings.